Not all ageing cells quietly retire. Some enter a state called cellular senescence — they stop dividing, but they also refuse to die. These cells release inflammatory signals known as SASP (Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype), which can disrupt nearby healthy cells.

An easy way to remember this is the “Rotten Apple Rule.”
One rotten apple doesn’t just sit in the basket — it accelerates spoilage in the others. In the same way, a small number of senescent cells can influence the surrounding tissue environment, increasing inflammation and cellular stress.

This concept is gaining attention because it explains how ageing spreads at a tissue level, not just that it happens. It has also sparked research interest in senolytics — approaches being studied to selectively clear senescent cells.

This research is still evolving, but the framework itself helps make sense of ageing at the cellular level.

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